French Billiards (Carom) – History, Rules, and Trivia

French billiards, also known as carom, is a unique variation of billiards that differs from more popular versions like snooker or pool. It is played on a pocketless table and features precise rules that require great skill and strategic thinking from players.

What is French Billiards (Carom)?

Definition and Characteristics of the Game

Carom is a type of billiards played on a pocketless table measuring 10 x 5 feet. The game involves three balls:

• White and yellow – cue balls for each player.
• Red – a neutral ball that players aim at.

The main objective is to achieve a "carom," which means making your cue ball strike the other two balls in a single shot.

Differences Between Carom and Other Billiard Variants

The most distinctive feature of carom is the absence of pockets on the table. Unlike American billiards or snooker, points are scored through precise rebounds and ball contacts rather than pocketing them.

Why Is French Billiards Called Carom?

The name comes from the French word “carambolage,” meaning collision. In the game, this is the primary mechanism for scoring points.

The History of French Billiards (Carom)

The Origins of Billiards in France

Billiards appeared in France in the 15th century as a royal pastime, gaining popularity at the court of King Louis XI. Carom became one of the first standardized billiard variations.

The Spread of Carom in Europe and Worldwide

During the 19th century, carom gained traction across Europe, especially in the Benelux countries and Germany. Its precision-based rules and elegance made it a favorite among intellectuals and elites.

Key Events and Tournaments in Carom History

Carom tournaments, such as the World Three-Cushion Championships, attract top players from around the globe. Today, carom is also a popular sport in Asia, particularly in South Korea and Japan.

Rules of French Billiards (Carom)

Basic Rules of the Game

Players take turns hitting their cue balls, aiming to make a carom. The key rules are:

• The cue ball must contact both of the other balls.
• Points are awarded for each successful carom.

Objective of the Game – What Is a Carom?

A carom is the collision of the cue ball with the other two balls, either directly or after rebounding off the cushions.

How Are Points Scored?

Points are awarded for successfully executed caroms. In advanced versions, like Three-Cushion, additional cushion rebounds are required.

Types of Carom Games

• Free Game: The simplest form where caroms can occur anywhere on the table.
• Three-Cushion: The cue ball must rebound off at least three cushions before hitting the second ball.
• Artistic Billiards: Players perform complex trick shots, earning points for precision and difficulty.

Equipment for Playing Carom

What Sets Pocketless Tables Apart?

Carom tables are heated, ensuring precise ball rolling. The absence of pockets shifts the game’s focus to rebounds and ball contact.

Cues and Balls – Specific Features for Carom

Carom cues are shorter and more precise. The balls are heavier and made of durable materials like phenolic resins.

Carom as a Sport

Global Popularity of French Billiards

Carom enjoys the most popularity in Western Europe, South Korea, and Japan. Professional leagues and tournaments attract world-class players.

Famous Players in Carom History

Legendary players include Raymond Ceulemans, Eddy Merckx, and Dick Jaspers, who have dominated the sport for decades.

Prestigious Leagues and Tournaments

The World Three-Cushion Championships and the European Cup are the most prestigious events in the carom calendar.

Why Try French Billiards?

Develop Precision and Strategy

Carom demands high precision and strategic thinking, making it an excellent mental workout.

Variety of Challenges in Different Game Variants

Each variation of carom presents unique challenges, from simple caroms to intricate setups in artistic billiards.

Relaxation and Mental Training

The focus and precision required in carom make it a perfect way to unwind while sharpening analytical skills.

Fun Facts About French Billiards

Carom in Films and Literature

Carom has appeared in classic films like “Le Cercle Rouge,” highlighting its elegance and complexity.

Longest Matches in History

Record-breaking carom matches have lasted several hours, showcasing players' incredible precision and endurance.

How Carom Inspired Other Billiard Variants

Carom served as an inspiration for modern billiard games like pool and snooker, which adopted some of its rules and techniques.

Conclusion

Although less popular than other billiard variants, carom is a fascinating and challenging game. It combines precision, strategy, and elegance, appealing to professionals and amateurs alike. If you’re looking for a new challenge in billiards, carom could be the perfect choice!